Manganese is a trace element. It occurs widely in plant and animal tissues and is an essential element for many animal species. Manganese absorption occurs throughout the small intestine. Minute quantities of manganese are needed for protein and fat metabolism, healthy nerves, a healthy immune system, and blood sugar regulation.

Research has shown, people with type 1 diabetes typically have only half of what's considered a 'normal' manganese level, and the deficiency contributes to their bodies' inability to process sugars. Research shows, with the nutrient, they appear to be better able to manage blood glucose.

Manganese is also used in energy production and is required for normal bone growth and for reproduction. In addition, it is used in the formation of cartilage and synovial (lubricating) fluid of the joints. It is also necessary for the synthesis of new bone.

Manganese is also an antioxidant and is one of the minerals required to form SOD (superoxide dismutase), one of the enzymes that protect against unstable, cell-damaging free radicals. The mineral may also strengthen arterial tissues, making them more resistant to plaque formation. Manganese may help lower high triglycerides and high cholesterol.

Manganese may also be important for sperm motility in potential fathers. There may also be a risk of fetal abnormalities, including increases in neural tube defects, when the mother doesn't have an adequate amount of manganese preconceptually and during pregnancy.

Many different studies also confirm that people with epilepsy have lower manganese levels than others. Research repeatedly demonstrates that a manganese deficiency increases the likelihood that an animal will go into convulsions. The conclusion is that the greater the deficiency, the more frequently seizures occur.

Deficiency signs and symptoms
A deficiency of manganese may lead to atherosclerosis, confusion, convulsions, eye problems, hearing problems, heart disorders, high cholesterol levels, hypertension, irritability, memory loss, muscle contractions, pancreatic damage profuse perspiration, rapid pulse, tooth-grinding, tremors, and a tendency toward breast ailments.

Factors which may rob our manganese
Large intakes of calcium and phosphorus will inhibit absorption, as may the fiber and phytic acid contained in bran and beans.

Good food sources
Avocados, seaweed, Nuts (especially cashews and almonds), Wheat germ and whole grains, unrefined cereals, leafy vegetables, liver, kidney, legumes, and dried fruits.